INTRODUCTION​

• Baker’s cysts are fluid-filled sacs most commonly encountered in the back of the knee

• They can affect any age group

• Baker’s cysts are benign, non-cancerous, and generally harmless

• They can appear, disappear, and change in size over time

CAUSES 

• A history of inflammation, meniscus tear, or arthritis is present in most cases

• However, in many cases, the cause is unknown

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Knee Baker’s cysts are usually 1–2 cm soft and compressible masses that are mobile

• There is no warmth or redness or associated skin changes

• Aching and fullness behind the knee is common with some patients complaining of pain and tenderness as well

• Large baker’s cysts may cause irritation of the nerves in the back of the knee leading to numbness and/or tingling

TREATMENT​​

• Observation is the most common treatment in the majority of patients if it doesn't hurt or interfere with activities of daily living or quality of life

• Anti-inflammatories can also be helpful to decrease inflammation in the knee joint

• If the cyst becomes associated with pain, interference with activities, and an increase in size, intervention may be appropriate

• Aspiration can be considered by removing the fluid from the cyst with a needle. This is usually done with ultrasound guidance

• Surgery is reserved for cases that are refractory to conservative treatment. Surgery involves the excision of the entire ganglion complex, including cyst, pedicle, with low recurrence rates

 PREVENTION​

• The best way to prevent a knee baker’s cyst is to minimize inflammation and injury to the knee joint